Reginald forwood



(No Model'.)

R. PORWOOD.

PARALLEL RULER.

No. 443,959. Patented Dec. 30, 1890.

ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES ATENT Fries.

REGINALD FORlVOOD, OF NEXV YORK, N. Y.

PARALLEL-RU LER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 443,959, dated December 30, 1890.

Application filed August 11, 1890. Serial No. 361,705. (No model.)

T0 (0% whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, REGINALD FORWOOD, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at the city of New York, in the county and State of New York, United States of America, have invented a new and Improved Ruler, of which the following is afull, clear, and exact description.

Myinvention relates to a ruler device to be used as a guide to a pen, pencil, or brush in producing straight and parallel lines at the same or at variable distances apart; and the invention has for its object to provide a simple, inexpensive, and efficient device of this character.

The invention consists in certain novel features of construction of the ruler, as hereinafter described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved ruler provided With three parallel rollers. Fig. 2 is an enlarged side view of one end of the ruler with .parts in vertical section on the line a: so in Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is an end View of the ruler, and Fig. 4.- is an end view of a modified form of the ruler having but two parallel rollers.

I will first particularly describe the preferredform of ruler havingthree triangularlydisposed parallel rollers, and shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of thedrawings.

The three rollers A A A may be made of any suitable material or materials, and may have any preferred diameter and length. I may journal the rollers to end hearings or supports 13 B in any approved manner, preferably by means of screws a, which are threaded into the ends of the rollers and run loosely in the bearings. I prefer at present to make the rollers of suitable metal tubing having plugs ct inserted in their ends to re ceive the screw-journals, and as shown best in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

It will be noticed that the end bearings B B do not extend marginally at any point be-= yond the peripheries of the triangularly=dis= posed rollers. Hence the ruler maybe set or run along on any two of the rollers to allow a ruling pen or pencil to be guided alongside of either or both lower rollers for making a straight line, or parallel straight lines at any desired distance apart, While the ruler is held at rest by pressure on its uppermost roller.

To assure greater convenience and accuracy in ruling parallel lines at equal distances apart I have provided one or all of the rollers, and it may be at one or at both ends, with a series of peripherial graduations O, which are set or gaged to an index-pointer b on the adjacentend hearing or supportB, and whereby after one line is drawn the ruler may be rolled until the next graduation mark appears in line with the index-pointer on the bearing, when the next line will be ruled oi'I". The drawings represent all three of the rollers A, provided at one end with a scale of graduation-marks C, and the adjacent bearing B has three index-pointers or angularlugs b, which extend to the graduations of the rollers. These graduations may be spaced differently on the diEerent rollers to allow ruling of evenly-spaced parallel lines at three different distances apart.

Fig. 4; of the drawings shows that some of the constructive principles of my invention may be embodied in a ruler having but two rollers A A, journaled by axle-pins a a to end plates or bearings B, which have indexpointers 7) extending to peripheral graduations of the rollers. These end bearings or supports B,'like the ones B, first described,

- do not extend marginally beyond the peripheries of the rollers. This ruler, like the triple roller device, is used by rolling it along the paper or object to be ruled, and then applying the pen or pencil alongside of either of the rollers, as will be readily understood.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent== 1. A ruler comprising parallel rollers j0ur naled in end bearings or supports which do not extend marginally beyond the peripheries of the rollers, substantially as described.

2. A ruler comprising end hearings or supports and three triangularly-disposed parallel rollers journaled thereto, substantially as de scribed.

3. A ruler comprising end bearings or supports and three triangularly-disposed parallel rollers journaled the"eto, said bearings not extending marginally beyond the peripheries of the rollers, substantially as described.

4. A ruler comprising end hearings or sup ports and parallel rollers journaled thereto and each provided with peripheral graduations, the adjacent bearing having an indexpointer next each roller-gradnations, substan- 1o tially as described.

5. A ruler comprising end bearings or supports and three triangularly-disposed parallel rollers journaled thereto and provided with peripheral graduatiol'is, said bearings not extending marginally beyond the peripheries of the rollers and provided with one or more index-pointers next the roller-graduations, substantially as described.

REGINALD FORWOOD. Witnesses:

HENRY L. GooDWIN, EDGAR TATE. 

